Publications
For submission of articles or Working Papers to CEsA, please send an email to:
comunicacao@cesa.iseg.ulisboa.pt
Working Paper 114/2012: Mozambican economy 2001-2010: a mix of economic populism and wild market
Abstract:
Mozambican economy 2001-2010: a mix of economic populism and wild market performs a general analysis of the economic evolution for the period comprised between 2001 and 2010 and it tries to define the main features according to an economic policy and political economy based upon paradigms of interdisciplinarity. The hypothesis of the study is to verify whether during the first decade of the 21st century there were policies and economic measures which can be defined by a growth model in which there is a combination of elements of a liberal economy at a micro level and a corporate public sector (State Capitalism) used, by the one hand, for the capture of income for the State and ruling party with off- budget financing, for the political elite and, on the other hand, for the application of redistributive measures mainly directed towards urban people so as to ensure alliances of power reproduction and the consolidation of an accumulation pattern internally focused, but centered out of the country. The practice of policies of the so-called economic populism is demonstrated through expansive monetary and budget policies, income adjustments above the inflation and high investment rates, mainly when the FDI is included. The populist nature is strengthened if the fact that the expansive policies are supported by external resources (to the State budget, in investment and in financing the balance of payments) and not by the wealth generated by the economy in public receipts is taken into consideration. Economic populism is also employed through the orchestration of public companies with politicized economic decisions. The consequence of these options were verified throughout the decade: increase of the deficit of the trade balance with growing imports; exacerbation of the dependency; high conjunctural variabilities in the exchange rate; increment of the public deficit (not including the external resources that finance the general State budget); the secundarization of the productive sectors that produce to the internal market and consequent prioritization of the exports of the large projects with the marginalization of the “traditional” productive fabric” and the externalization of the accumulation pattern. There are clear signs of the dual structure of the economy. The model of growth is not endogenous.
Quotation:
Mosca, João. 2012. “Mozambican economy 2001-2010: a mix of economic populism and wild market”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 114/2012.
Working Paper 113/2012: The new tool of the Portuguese cooperation: cooperation clusters
Abstract:
This work is part of the study conducted within the research work entitled “The cluster as a theoretical and practical tool of the Portuguese International Cooperation for the Development: the case of Mozambique, East Timor, São Tomé and Principe and Angola” and the PhD thesis entitled “The influence of the clusters in the cooperation for the development at the level of aid effectiveness. The case of good governance in Guinea-Bissau” in which the main goals regard the certification of the aid effectiveness of the cooperation clusters and the conception of a strategy of implementation of the cooperation clusters. In The new tool of the Portuguese cooperation: cooperation clusters we intend to reflect about the effectiveness of the clusters in the cooperation for the development by analyzing the opinions of previous and current political leaders, leaders of the autonomous state administration and of members of the civil society involved in the adoption and implementation of the cooperation clusters in Portugal. These preliminary results point out to the need of establishing a strategy of definition and implementation of the cooperation clusters so that the goals of aid effectiveness can be achieved.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos e Sandra Silva. 2012. “The new tool of the Portuguese cooperation: cooperation clusters”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA/Documentos de Trabalho nº 113/2012.
Working Paper 112/2012: The possibilities for enhancing ownership of development in Africa: the role of regional integration in the external relations of Africa
Abstract:
Africa has been the neglected continent in world politics. It has also been the subject of aid dependency and policy conditionality, leaving little autonomy of decision-making and ownership of its development policies. The recent economic turn-around and the global rush for resources and commodities have raised the importance of the African continent in the international economic scene. Many African countries are rich in resources and they have seen their development possibilities enhanced by intensified economic relations in particular with the emerging economies but also with their traditional main partners. However, as this is happening at the country level and African countries still have disperse voices in their exchanges with the rest of the world, the possibilities for leveraging this new potential are limited. Through the analysis of the dynamics of regional integration in Africa, The possibilities for enhancing ownership of development in Africa: the role of regional integration in the external relations of Africa explores the hypothesis that increased integration would give a stronger voice, policy space and ultimately ownership of policies to African countries.
Quotation:
Mah, Luís, Raquel Freitas. 2012. “The possibilities for enhancing ownership of development in Africa: the role of regional integration in the external relations of Africa”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº112/2012.
Working Paper 111/2012: O desenvolvimento do setor educativo africano como prioridade da APD portuguesa (1998-2011)
Abstract:
In O desenvolvimento do setor educativo africano como prioridade da APD portuguesa (1998-2011) we study how the Portuguese Cooperation policy early on established Portuguese-speaking African Countries (PALOP) as a central priority, due to historical and sociocultural ties, which characterize a relationship of more than 35 (thirty-five) years. Known for its poverty reduction goals; strengthening democracy and the rule of law; promoting both economic growth and dialogue, regional integrations and a European partnership for human development, national cooperation has played a crucial role in African development, particularly in the education sector. Effectively, the data show us that this has been one of the priority areas of intervention, regardless of the different constitutional governments that have taken power in recent years. Second, the IPAD (2011), technical cooperation as the most used aid modality in recent times, clearly and unequivocally reflects it in the period between 1996 and 2010: 38% of the sectoral distribution of cooperation This technique was directed towards education, followed by the government and civil society with 24%, and our research confirms this, demonstrating that, in 2011, the trend continued, regardless of the volume of Public Aid. Portuguese Development declined by around 3%, as a result of the financial crisis that started in 2008 and which led Portugal to ask for a financial rescue in April 2010.
Quotation:
Faria, Raquel. 2012. “O desenvolvimento do setor educativo africano como prioridade da APD portuguesa (1998-2011)”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA/ Documentos de Trabalho nº111/2012.
Working Paper 110/2012: The Chinese ‘go global’ policy and the Portuguese kinship
Abstract:
With the objective of promoting trade and investment and implement common projects in various domains between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries (PSCs), the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation was created by the Chinese government in 2003. This Forum based in Macao, follow the theoretical rational that internationalization is largely driven by networks of relationships, very often based in a share culture and language and that the network relationships of a firm is capable of providing the context for its international activities. Being part of the soft power diplomatic approach to the Portuguese Speaking Countries – considering that some of these markets are very important for Chinese economic development, due to the need to expand its foreign markets and, most importantly, to guarantee the supply of critical raw-materials and sources of energy – this charm offensive utilizes as persuasive tools the cooperation for development, humanitarian aid, cultural ties, bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, and the OFDI. In order to be effective, this model of global cooperation requires that every participant perceives it as being mutually beneficial, i.e., a “win-win” situation for all. Therefore to be a positive contributor to the Chinese “Go Global” policy this Portuguese kinship network should have the perception that Macao Forum activities contribute to the development of its business objectives – increase exports, investment growth, and other business with positive economic results – with China, Macao and between themselves. The chinese ‘go global’ policy and the portuguese kinship was aimed at Portuguese companies (exporting and/or investing in China, Macao and HK) in order to get a clearer idea of their opinion about their perception of the Forum and its potential. Within this set of conclusions, we can consider that Macao Forum can do better for the perception of positive benefits for the Portuguese companies participating in its activities thus creating the perception of a “win-win” situation, reinforcing its utility in the increase of exports to China, growth of FDI in China, Macao and PSCs, the increase of business networks between companies of these economic spaces and the increase of business economic results in other kind of business rather than exports or investment. In the future we intend to conduct similar research on the perceptions of companies of other PSCs.
Quotation:
Ilhéu, Fernanda e Susana Pereira. 2012. “The chinese ‘go global’ policy and the portuguese kinship”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA/ Documentos de Trabalho nº110/2012.
Working Paper 109/2012: A política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento no contexto da crise económica do século XXI: o caso português
Abstract:
The Development Cooperation policy as a “field” of knowledge capable of articulating with the impact of the application of public policies in developing countries, is nowadays one of the most important areas in the scope of international relations. Susceptible to external and internal factors, Cooperation has been faced with the serious economic crisis that affects the world system, and it is not by chance that the countries receiving International Aid have been the most affected. Considered as one of the most dramatic scenarios by Peter Wahl (2008), Cooperation calls for a solution with international partners. It is therefore crucial to understand the impact that the economic crisis had on cooperation policy not in a global context, but in the specific Portuguese context. In this way, A política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento no contexto da crise económica do século XXI: o caso português intends to show to what extent the Portuguese Cooperation policy has been affected and how it has penalized (in its cooperation relations) countries such as Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique and S. Tomé and Príncipe. For this, the investigation will be based on the established priorities, on the government plans and on the investments granted by the IPAD (present in the tables of the Diário da República) since 2008.
Quotation:
Faria, Raquel. 2012. “A política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento no contexto da crise económica do século XXI: o caso português”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA/ Documentos de Trabalho nº109/2012.
Working Paper 108/2012: Os paradigmas de conhecimento sobre a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e a evolução do papel da sociedade civil em Portugal
Abstract:
Os paradigmas de conhecimento sobre a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e a evolução do papel da sociedade civil em Portugal intends to use one of the results of the ongoing Project on Decentralized Cooperation developed by the University of Aveiro, the NGO Association for Cooperation between Peoples (ACEP) and the Center for Studies on Africa and Development (CESA) of the Higher Institute of Economics and Management (ISEG), still in its first year of implementation. Thus, the objective of the communication is to contribute to the knowledge of the evolution that the Portuguese civil society institutions designated by NGOs present in the “field” of International Cooperation for Development (CID) had in the articulation with the dominant paradigms from the European heritage of the post-war 1939-45 of the Marshall Plan between the USA and the European States and of the twinnings between Municipalities and other local organizations until the Global Partnership for the Development of the Millennium Goals in 2000. The conviction that the knowledge about the processes promoting development taking the economy as the engine, it created an ICD based on State Integrated Development Plans and sectoral projects that prevailed until the debt crisis of the 1970s. In this paradigm, civil society played a secondary role and State institutions were the main actor. The debt crisis led to a radical change in this paradigm, with stabilization and structural adjustment policies – the Washington Consensus – asserting themselves as the dominant model. Civil society organizations then emerged as those actors that could complement and replace the State in the belief that “the less the State the better the State”. In the realization of the failure of this model of policies that worsened poverty and inequality, and delayed the construction of Public Administration institutions in less developed countries, another paradigm is developed – the Monterrey Consensus – where civil society articulates with the State in a global partnership for development, with the central objective of fighting poverty and setting concrete global goals for the first time – the Millennium Goals. And this partnership is valid both in recipient countries and in IADC funding countries. Knowledge of how the theory and practice of this international partnership in Portugal should be is still far behind and this communication seeks to clarify these Cooperation processes and the context in which they are inserted, articulated with the ongoing reform of the Portuguese Public Administration and the CID already existing with the countries concerned.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos e Tânia Santos. 2012. “Os paradigmas de conhecimento sobre a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e a evolução do papel da sociedade civil em Portugal”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA –Documentos de Trabalho nº 108/2012.
Working Paper 107/2012: Projecto de construção de um observatório de bem estar do bairro de Belém
Resumo:
In Projecto de construção de um observatório de bem estar do bairro de Belém we take this idea of “satisfaction” as a basis for defining the concept of well-being. In a society like the African one where the relationship with others is an important value, this idea is always applied considering the individual dimension articulated with the social group dimension. This concept has the consequence that the well-being of an individual cannot be understood without the family, and without the social groups with which its members identify. It is the articulation of these different social groups that defines the level of well-being of a collective, whether it is an ethnic group, a neighborhood or the whole national. in the neighborhoods there is a theoretical framework that starts from the idea that it is fundamental to determine what would happen if there had not been concrete actions to improve the well-being. Returning the results of surveys to respondents is an important element in the work done in a neighborhood, and in creating a sense of usefulness in the responses that the population gives to surveyors, whether in the current survey or in the future.
Citação:
Sangreman, Carlos e Nuno Cunha. 2012. “Projecto de construção de um observatório de bem estar do bairro de Belém”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão . CEsA –Documentos de Trabalho nº 107/2012.
Working Paper 106/2012: Performance, heterogeneity and managerial efficiency of African airports: the Nigerian case
Abstract:
The analysis of airport efficiency can yield significant insights into the competitiveness of airports and their potential for increasing productivity and improving resource use. The research on airports has adopted DEA models or homogenous production frontier models. Performance, heterogeneity and managerial efficiency of African airports: the Nigerian case innovates in this context, by analyzing a sample of Nigerian airports with the Alvarez et al. (2004) model and the cost frontier model. Therefore, this paper innovates in the airports context by going beyond DEA models and homogenous production frontier models adopting the Alvarez, Arias and Greene (2004) frontier model which enables to measure managerial effects on the frontier cost framework. This paper analyzes unobserved managerial ability as factors affecting the performance of a representative sample of Nigerian airports by means of frontier models. These airports are ranked according to their technical efficiency during the period 2003-2010 and homogenous and heterogeneous variables are disentangled in the cost function, which leads us to advise the implementation of common policies as well as policies by segments. Economic implications arising from the study are also considered.
Quotation:
Barros, Carlos Pestana e Ade Ibiwoye. 2012. “Performance, heterogeneity and managerial efficiency of African airports: the Nigerian case”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 106/2012.
Working Paper 104/2012: Os clusters como instrumento da cooperação internacional portuguesa para o desenvolvimento, o caso da Ilha de Moçambique
Abstract:
The cooperation policy between donor and recipient countries has changed significantly in recent years. Despite the problems themselves having changed, actors from developed countries together with national and international partners are trying to find new instruments and modalities of cooperation for development. Portugal is no exception, and a new cooperation policy was recently (re)discovered. This focuses on the cluster concept that has been used in recent decades by policy makers as an instrument to promote competitiveness and innovation (Porter, 1990, 1998, 2000). Under the guiding strategy entitled “A strategic vision of Portuguese Cooperation” adopted in 2005, Portugal has recognized the need to make efforts to adopt this new instrument. This “consists of a number of projects that are implemented by different institutions, in the same geographic area and within a common framework” (IPAD, 2005: 52). Within this scenario, Os clusters como instrumento da cooperação internacional portuguesa para o desenvolvimento, o caso da Ilha de Moçambique focuses on the Portuguese case, as a potential case to try to understand the potential as an innovation and the political coherence of the objectives and strategies underlying the creation of cooperation clusters. Thus, it is intended to account for the ongoing research not only from a perspective of (re)examining the theoretical arguments for the adoption of clusters, but also through an analysis of the current practices of cooperation with Mozambique.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos e Sandra Silva. 2012. “Os clusters como instrumento da cooperação internacional portuguesa para o desenvolvimento, o caso da Ilha de Moçambique”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 104/2012.
