Publications
For submission of articles or Working Papers to CEsA, please send an email to:
comunicacao@cesa.iseg.ulisboa.pt
Working Paper 70/2006: A evolução política recente na Guiné-Bissau: as eleições presidenciais de 2005, os conflitos, o desenvolvimento, a sociedade civil
Abstract:
The purpose of A evolução política recente na Guiné-Bissau: as eleições presidenciais de 2005, os conflitos, o desenvolvimento, a sociedade civil is to contribute to the identification of some of the main social and political reasons of the Guinea-Bissau reality that were decisive in the electoral behavior that led to the election in 2005 of João Bernardo Vieira “Nino” for the presidency of the Republic against the candidate nominated and supported by PAIGC, Malam Bacai Sanhá. We tried to combine the previous knowledge of the country, through academic activity and technical work in the field on different occasions, with the attentive observation of the electoral process, including the presence of two of the authors’ team members in the Observation Mission of the international community in the elections, to to analyze various aspects of the evolution of that country that are considered relevant for the population of around 600,000 voters to elect Nino Vieira president, after having lost an eleven-month civil war and exile in Portugal since 1999. The evolution process of development human and sustained, the role of civil society in this process and the social and military conflicts are themes that seem to us to be significant – although not exhaustive – for this result. We are aware that it will be necessary to bring together different analyzes by researchers with different training on other topics until we have a broad and in-depth perspective on all possible aspects of the evolution of the individual and collective well-being of the population of that country. The conclusions stem from scenarios that we believe are possible, at the time of writing, for the near future and that we will complete as our perception of reality develops with contributions from other authors in articulation or not with this team. For these texts, we have the aggregated results by presidential candidate from the 1994, 1999 and 2005 elections, as well as their breakdown by region in the second round. We also have access to a bibliography of authors from Guinea and other nationalities on the electoral phenomenon, development, conflicts, civil society and our own knowledge of the country’s reality. We are not aware of opinion polls on electoral behavior in the country. The investigation we carried out on the polls carried out in the 2005 campaign reveals that these were just propaganda actions for different candidacies and did not follow any methodology that would allow them to be considered the expression of some representation.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos … [et al.]. 2006. “A evolução política recente na Guiné-Bissau: as eleições presidenciais de 2005, os conflitos, o desenvolvimento, a sociedade civil”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 70/2006
Working Paper 69/2005: A administração belga face à presença asiática na região dos Grandes Lagos: do período de ocupação aos anos 30
Abstract:
In A administração belga face à presença asiática na região dos Grandes Lagos: do período de ocupação aos anos 30 we study how the Asian question presents itself as one of the dominant themes of colonial management in East, Central and Eastern and Southern Africa during the 20th century. The settlement in those territories of peoples from the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Gulf and the Indian subcontinent, a heritage transmitted to the African societies of the western Indian Ocean during more than a millennium of transoceanic contacts, constituted, in the first decades of European occupation, a common feature of both their human and cultural landscape as well as its economic life. By the 1930s, therefore, the administration’s intention to manage the interests of the Asian community was visible. Indeed, in a colonial context in which the majority of the African population was reserved, above all, the function of producing, emigrating and fulfilling tax obligations, given the inexistence of white colonization and, finally, given the limited presence of small European commerce, namely of Greek, Italian and Indo-Portuguese origin, it was Arab and Hindu traders who, for the most part, would be called upon to assume the internal dynamism of commercial activity. Hence the importance that these Asians assume in the history of Belgian occupation in the Great Lakes region.
Quotation:
Leite, Joana Pereira. 2005. “A administração belga face à presença asiática na região dos Grandes Lagos: do período de ocupação aos anos 30”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 69/2005.
Working Paper 68/2005: Crescimento económico, desenvolvimento humano e pobreza: análise da situação em Moçambique
Abstract:
Starting from the case of Mozambique, the main objective of Crescimento económico, desenvolvimento humano e pobreza: análise da situação em Moçambique is to discuss the connection between economic growth and poverty reduction. To this end, we will confront different perspectives and outcomes of poverty in Mozambique. At first, it will be inevitable to start a previous discussion on some conceptual and methodological aspects. The first section of this work will therefore be entirely devoted to a discussion around the definition, identification and measurement/aggregation of poverty. For poverty reduction, growth alone is not a sufficient condition. The nature of the growth is also important. In the case of Mozambique, economic growth was favorable to the poorest strata and would certainly have been favored by a good orientation of social policies, although this issue remains to be analyzed in detail. To better understand the causal processes that make it possible to establish a relationship between growth and poverty reduction, more complete data at the macro level would be needed, as well as a deeper micro knowledge of family strategies (livelihood) in the face of macroeconomic transformations. However, it is already possible to perceive that the strong reduction of poverty in the rural sector compared to the urban sector clearly reflects an economic growth more favorable to rural populations, where poverty has a higher incidence. It can thus be considered that the sectoral economic growth less biased to the detriment of rural areas, contrary to what happened in the past, was positive in reducing absolute poverty. On the other hand, the human development index and the human poverty index reflect the importance of investments made in human capital, particularly in the education sector.
Quotation:
Vieira, Sérgio Pires. 2005. “Crescimento económico, desenvolvimento humano e pobreza: análise da situação em Moçambique”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 68/2005
Working Paper 67/2005: A política portuguesa de cooperação para o desenvolvimento
Abstract:
In A política portuguesa de cooperação para o desenvolvimento it is studied how the development cooperation policy is often described as an essential vector of Portuguese foreign policy, acquiring, to that extent, particular strategic significance. In this sense, and based on the analysis of the main lines of Portuguese foreign policy, the importance given to strengthening relations with the Portuguese-speaking space stands out, namely through the projection of values and interests in the PALOP, Brazil and Timor (MNE, 2003a), as well as the defense and affirmation of the Portuguese language and culture, aspects that, according to the XV Government Program (2002-2004), contribute to the affirmation of national identity. The Portuguese language and culture are considered main strategic elements (language is a decisive factor in the new world order through the geopolitics of language), and, in this plan, Portugal is proportionally more relevant on a planetary scale than in its political dimensions, social or economic. In the general lines of external action, this aspect is more easily perceptible. The acceleration of European integration and the blurring of borders in Europe must correspond to a greater affirmation of national identity, expressed in the projection, both internally and externally, of the Portuguese language and culture and in the valorization of the historical legacy: “the cultural factor is perhaps a of the most powerful elements of our identity, which is, after all, what separates and differentiates us from all other peoples in globalization on a world scale” (MNE, 2003b). Thus, it seems fundamental for Portuguese foreign policy to know how to reconcile two of its main axes: maintaining a close connection to the community of Portuguese-speaking countries in the world, on the one hand, and active participation in European construction, on the other. As for the cooperation policy, this is simultaneously seen as a vehicle for the affirmation and expansion of Portuguese influence at an international level and as an instrument for achieving national strategic objectives.
Quotation:
Mesquita, Ana Guedes. 2005. “A política portuguesa de cooperação para o desenvolvimento”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 67/ 2005
Working Paper 66/2003: Les indians dans la presse coloniale portuguaise du Mozambique 1930-1975
Abstract:
In order to organize an intelligible reading of the facts and events reported by the Laurentian press between 1930 and 1975, we started from a hypothesis which, for ideological reasons linked to the form taken by Salazarist nationalism and its avatars, had difficult to express in a simple and explicit way. This starting hypothesis concerned the nature of the Estado Novo which defined for the first time in the history of the Portuguese Empire, a social and cultural field common to the different groups constituting the society of the colony, of which the Indians were stakeholder. This hypothesis, which we tested in Les indians dans la presse coloniale portugaise du Mozambique 1930-1975 through the Laurentian press from the 1930s to 1975, is confirmed by the concrete measures taken by the government of the colony vis-à-vis the entire Indian community. Nevertheless, the latter remained vulnerable to the discriminatory practices specific to colonial society whenever political events threatened the Empire. We have noted that this vulnerability was experienced in a differentiated way according to religious affiliations (Hindu, Muslim and Catholic), according to the status conferred by the authorities (Indo-Portuguese, Indo-British then Pakistani, Hindustani and Indo-Portuguese) and according to the place occupied in socio-economic stratification. This overview and analysis of the Laurentian press during the Estado Novo period shed light on the understanding of the dual destiny of the Indian community, both in Portugal and in Mozambique from 1975 onwards. shared all the signs of cultural assimilation to the Portuguese nation, and that it was not reduced to the sole role of “middleman” or economic agent in its experience within colonial society, that it can henceforth directing its destiny either in Portugal or/and in the Mozambican nation which remains to be built.
Quotation:
Khouri, Nicole e Joana Pereira Leite . 2003. “Les indians dans la presse coloniale portugaise du Mozambique 1930-1975”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA –Documentos de Trabalho nº 66/2003.
Working Paper 65/2003: Os trabalhadores moçambicanos na antiga República Democrática Alemã: passado e presente
Abstract:
For more than ten years, from 1979 until the end of the German Democratic Republic in 1990, the Government of Mozambique maintained a migration of thousands of workers to East Germany. The main, although hidden, purpose of this migration was the servicing of the increasingly unsustainable debt incurred with the GDR. In many respects this migration was similar to the employment of Mozambican miners in South Africa during the colonial period: a paternalistic legal and institutional framework, employment of single youths on a rotating basis, deferred payment, housing and social segregation in the host country. The implosion of the GDR lead to a hasty repatriation of the Mozambican workers and to an open conflict between the returnees and the Government concerning wage and social security transfers for which the workers feel wronged. To voice their claims they take advantage of the newly established civil liberties and democratic institutions in Mozambique. Os trabalhadores moçambicanos na antiga República Democrática Alemã : passado e presente assesses this largely ignored phenomenon of contemporary migration by drawing upon some untapped primary sources, less accessible secondary material and interviews, both in Germany and in Mozambique. It may equally contribute to clarify some contentious issues in the ongoing conflict.
Quotation:
Oppenheimer, Jochen .2003. “Os trabalhadores moçambicanos na antiga República Democrática Alemã : passado e presente” . Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 65/ 2003.
Working Paper 64/2002: A metodologia do estudo da pobreza através da evolução dos níveis de vida Bissau 1986/1991 (com referências a 1993)
Abstract:
Guinea-Bissau has a remarkable record of household surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa. The first known one is from 1980/81, followed by another in 1986/87 with a valid sample essentially for Bissau, both with the main purpose of obtaining a pattern of household expenditure that would allow the calculation of a price index – based on the 1986 basket, with adaptations resulting from subsequent surveys. Under the World Bank’s Social Dimensions of Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SDA) programme, a third was carried out in 1991, covering the entire country, and a fourth in 1993/94. The study on the evolution of poverty through living standards between 1986 and 1991 aims at a period that corresponds to the beginning of the structural adjustment program that still continues today. We intend, in A metodologia do estudo da pobreza através da evolução dos níveis de vida Bissau 1986 /1991 (com referências a 1993), to take advantage of previous works, namely Dianne Marleau’s 1989 study on poverty alleviation, which worked with data from 1986 and the poverty profile, produced by the World Bank for its Report on the situation of poverty in 1993.
Quotation:
Costa, Francisco . Augusto Moreira e Carlos Sangreman .2002. “A metodologia do estudo da pobreza através da evolução dos níveis de vida Bissau 1986 /1991 (com referências a 1993)”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 64/ 2002
Working Paper 63/2002: O desenvolvimento humano e os investimentos em formação médica: o caso de Moçambique
Abstract:
This working paper, O desenvolvimento humano e os investimentos em formação médica: o caso de Moçambique, aim is to to analyze human development from the perspective of public and private agents responsible for investments in medical training (formal education) in Mozambique. The realization that over the last few decades socio-economic policies have been privileged in order to achieve sustained growth makes us feel that there is an evolution in the very concept of development. When we currently talk about development, we are referring to such complex issues as, for example, individual and/or collective well-being, poverty reduction; we are talking about human development, where the variables for its quantification are income, health and education. Knowing that investments in education and health have a direct impact on the Human Development Index, we can think that investment in human capital will produce returns expected by the various economic agents in the long term, thus improving the quality of life of the populations that make it.
Quotation:
Sousa Jr., Fernando de. 2002. “O desenvolvimento humano e os investimentos em formação médica: o caso de Moçambique”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA(Centro de Estudos sobre África e Desenvolvimento) – Documentos de Trabalho nº 63/2002.
Working Paper 62/2001: O consenso internacional na luta contra a pobreza e a cooperação para o desenvolvimento em S. Tomé e Príncipe
Abstract:
The fight against poverty is the central axis of cooperation. In other words, within each area, the priority actions are those that the international community consensually considers in recent years to be most effective in the fight against poverty, as will be exemplified later. In O consenso internacional na luta contra a pobreza e a cooperação para o desenvolvimento em S. Tomé e Príncipe, as a methodology to determine the content of this consensus, reports from different specialized agencies of the UN (ILO, IFAD, WHO, UNESCO) and the WB/IMF were sought. Thus, we tried to use publications where the international community continues to debate the alternatives of strategies, policies and instruments with which it seeks to solve the problem of the persistence of inequalities in the development of the group of countries in the world. In cross-cutting areas, strengthening governance institutions and civil society is a priority. Thus, this area prevails over the other transversal areas such as gender, environment, statistics. And within this area, cooperation with institutions that have responsibilities in the area of fighting poverty prevails, such as the Ministries of the social area and of work/employment, the municipalities in the areas with the highest poverty index (extent and severity) the organizations of secular and religious civil society working with vulnerable groups (in São Tomé and Príncipe the elderly, landless farmers, female heads of households). In the sectoral areas, priority goes to agriculture, education, health and social protection, as a safety net for the poorest, once again prioritizing actions that directly attack poverty in relation to other actions in the same areas.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos. 2001. “O consenso internacional na luta contra a pobreza e a cooperação para o desenvolvimento em S. Tomé e Príncipe”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 62/ 2001
Working Paper 61/2001: Como induzir o desenvolvimento em África?
Abstract:
The research carried out in Como induzir o desenvolvimento em África? allows us to conclude that, in order to obtain the investment, it must be oriented towards: (i) Making cheap money available to the national business sector in order to increase demand from the family sector through agro-industry; (ii) The establishment of new type partnerships between the business and family sectors, the latter having as capital the natural resources of the area it occupies and the former the technology and know-how of management and access to markets; (iii) The development of human capital, in particular through basic education, improving the quality of drinking water and general sanitation conditions; (iv) Reducing distances related to services, markets and resources through the construction of infrastructure and the progressive replacement of wood fuels with electric and fossil fuels; (v) In the reconstitution of the institutional fabric, having as principles the participation at all levels in the decision-making processes, the balance in gender relations and the incorporation of endogenous and transversal institutions in the dynamics of governance.
Quotation:
Negrão, José Guilherme. 2001. “Como induzir o desenvolvimento em África?”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA (Centro de Estudos sobre África e Desenvolvimento) – Documentos de Trabalho nº 61/2001.
