Working Papers
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Working Paper 57/1999: A guerra do caju e as relações Moçambique – Índia na época pós-colonial
Abstract:
A guerra do caju e as relações Moçambique – Índia na época pós-colonial seeks to analyze the evolution of the cashew economy in the context of the profound changes that characterize the post-colonial period in Mozambique. We will appeal to the emergence of this sector of the export economy, during the first decades of the 20th century, associated with the start of the Indian peeling industry and we will also emphasize, within the Indo-Mozambican space, the structuring and dynamization of an autonomous commercial circuit vis-à-vis the to the Portuguese imperial logic. After the independence of Mozambique, the cashew economy will be observed in the context of the rupture operated in the political and economic system: from the model of administered economy, which characterized the socialist era, to the moment of transition to the market economy. In the context of liberalization and profound adjustments that characterized Mozambican society in the 1990s, the cashew war, a recurring event in the history of this sector, will once again be seen as a conflict between exporting interests, associated with the Indian shelling industry, and the industrializing dynamics that are defined internally.
Quotation:
Leite, Joana Pereira. 1999. “A guerra do caju e as relações Moçambique – Índia na época pós-colonial”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA (Centro de Estudos sobre África e Desenvolvimento) – Documentos de Trabalho nº 57/ 1999
Working Paper 56/1999: The revival of regional integration in Africa
Abstract:
In The revival of regional integration in Africa we study how the need for [revival] regional integration has never seemed so pressing on the African continent, yet the numerous programmes and institutions have achieved very little since índependence. Regionalisation reveals itself in Sub-Saharan Africa through complex and often conflicting trends of interaction. Commitments to regional integration in Africa have been constrained by a highly ambivalent critique of the colonial heritage. At independence, the leaders of the new independent states readily acknowledged the disastrous effects of the partition of the continent, but were reluctant, if not totally unwilling, to support policies likely to restrain state sovereignty and, consecutively, their power. The break-up of colonial federations at independence suddenly highlighted the negative consequences of the extreme segmentation and the intrinsically problematic viability of the political divisions and economic circuits inherited from the colonial period. Whether violent or negotiated, the dissolution processes meant the disappearance of the fiscal and excise redistribution mechanisms which had been the raison d’étre of structures like the Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF), the Afrique Equatoriale Française (AEF), the Central African Federation or even, at a later stage, the East African Community. The continent had never been so deeply segmented when the OAU Charter then endorsed and legitimized in 1963 the territorial status quo.
Quotation:
Bach, Daniel. 1999. “The revival of regional integration in Africa”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 56/ 1999.
Working Paper 55/1995: Competitiveness and environment: the role of SADC
Abstract:
In Competitiveness and environment: the role of SADC we address the question of interaction between competitiveness and environment in the context of the ongoing globalization/regionalization process. In particular, this problem is analyzed in the context of the southern cone of Africa and at the level of the SADC (South African Development Community). Firstly, we try to debate some of the main links between competitiveness and environment in the new globalization context, attempting to place the question of the adaptability of this debate to SADC countries in particular, and to developing countries in general. Secondly, we analyze the main relevant characteristics of the SADC integration process. Finally, we make a review of the main programs and projects incorporated in the SADC Program of Action connected with environmental concerns, attempting to produce some insights on the relevance of the SADC in the context of the globalization process. In this article we want to discuss two main questions: to what extent can we say that gloalization entails a better environment or, on the contrary, the rise of environmental problems? If the latter will happen, do environmental regulations diminish the competitiveness of nations? And will the globalization entail higher pressures upon the developing country’s environment and the widening of present social-economic inequalities or, on the contrary, can globalization be seen as the opportunity developing countries were looking for to develop?
Quotation:
Lima, Maria Antonina and Isabel Mendes. 1995. “Competitiveness and environment: the role of Sadc”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 55/ 1995.
Working Paper 54/1999: Structural adjustment and the African crisis: a theoretical appraisal
Abstract:
Since the early 1980s, the economic policy and development debate in Sub-Saharan Africa has been singularly dominated by structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) which have been part of the conditionality tied to donor assistance. The debate concerning the appropriateness of SAPs for SSA countries continues to be unabated despite nearly two decades of ‘adjustments’. Towards this main objective, Structural adjustment and the African crisis : a theoretical appraisal is structured as follows. In Section ll, we shall examine the methodological and theoretical foundations of adjustment. This will be presented at three levels, i.e. an examination of: i) methodological sub-components of neo-classical economics; ii) intermediate propositions arising from the sub-components which are embedded in the theories; and iii) theories underlying adjustment as a reflection of these methodological foundations and intermediate propositions. In Section III we shall advance our case that SAPs based on this narrow foundation of neo-classical economics fail to embrace the complex issues involving structural transformation · in Africa. The section starts with a brief discussion of the inconsistencies in the theories underlying adjustment and the structural features of African economies, which are not adequately addressed by SAPs. We shall then show how SAPs are incapable of dealing with the exigencies of African development. Section IV first lists major developmental issues, which are central to effecting institutional and structural transformation in Africa. We shall then begin to outline a theory of dynamic, structural and institutional embeddedness as an alternative framework, which could explicitly treat development as a process of structural and institutional transformation. We shall conclude our discussion with a new policy and research agenda for African Development.
Quotation:
Stein, Howard e Machiko Nissanke .1999. “Structural adjustment and the African crisis : a theoretical appraisal” . Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 54/ 1999.
Working Paper 53/1998: O financiamento informal e as estratégias de sobrevivência económica das mulheres em Angola: a Kixikila no município do Sambizanga (Luanda)
Abstract:
In Africa there is a long tradition demonstrating the use of mutual aid schemes, particularly in terms of the rotating use of savings and credit (in the economic literature known as ROSCAs – Rotating Savings and Credit Associations) by individuals who develop micro economic activities, in most cases not fully integrated into the formal economy. After framing this issue in the economic literature, O financiamento informal e as estratégias de sobrevivência económica das mulheres em Angola: a Kixikila no município do Sambizanga (Luanda) will aim to show how those informal financing schemes – Kixikila in Angola – occur in Luanda and are an integral part of the survival strategies of Angolan women in the peri-urban area of that city, more specifically in the municipality from Sambizanga. The conclusions will be based on an empirical study carried out there between 1995 and 1997. The results achieved demonstrate the vitality and energy of the women involved in the ROSCAs (Kixikila), which should deserve the attention and support of development agencies, namely in the context of poverty alleviation programmes.
Quotation:
Ducados, Henda Lucia e Manuel Ennes Ferreira. 1998. “O financiamento informal e as estratégias de sobrevivência económica das mulheres em Angola: a Kixikila no município do Sambizanga (Luanda)”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 53/1998
Working Paper 52/1998: Reflexão sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento cabo verdeano
Abstract:
When one considers the general problem of the development of small island countries and the specific case of Cape Verde, essential questions immediately arise due to some particularities of this country. In this regard, Philippe Hein concluded that several of the issues inherent to small economies arise from their own characteristics. The specific constraints of a small island country pose major obstacles to Cape Verde’s development. This island state undoubtedly faces a major challenge to overcome the constraints inherent to insularity with the existing means. The longed-for change is possible but it will require great effort, the continued implementation of measures aimed at overcoming the current situation and, above all, a great deal of persistence. Reflexão sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento cabo verdeano (Reflections on the Cape Verdean development model) has as its main objective to systematise and reflect on Cape Verde’s situation, taking into account the existence of some specific handicaps that small island economies usually face. It also aims to analyse what has been developed in order to overcome these constraints.
Quotation:
Ferreira, Eduardo Sarmento. 1998. “Reflexão sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento cabo verdeano”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA (Centro de Estudos sobre África e Desenvolvimento) – Documentos de Trabalho nº 52/1998
Working Paper 51/1998: Reflexão sobre as infraestruturas e sistemas de transportes no desenvolvimento de uma pequena economia insular: o caso de Cabo Verde
Abstract:
Reflexão sobre as infraestruturas e sistemas de transportes no desenvolvimento de uma pequena economia insular: o caso de Cabo Verde intends to equate the role that infrastructures related to transport and transport systems, mainly air and maritime, have been playing in the development strategy adopted by Cape Verde. Despite the existence of multiple definitions of infrastructure, in this article we will use that of the World Bank, which groups the characteristics of economic infrastructure into three groups: public services (energy, telecommunications, piped gas, etc.), public works (roads, irrigation and drainage pipelines) and other transport sectors (railways and waterways, urban transport and airports). Infrastructures articulate and condition development in different ways. Fundamentally, it acts on three levels: economic activity, “poverty” and the environment. As analysed throughout this article, infrastructure and transport are fundamental, although by themselves they do not bring about development. It is essential that these investments are articulated with the entire national economy, are rationally applied and, above all, regardless of whether they are new or old, public or private, are well managed.
Quotation:
Ferreira, Eduardo Sarmento. 1998. “Reflexão sobre as infraestruturas e sistemas de transportes no desenvolvimento de uma pequena economia insular: o caso de Cabo Verde”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 51/1998
Working Paper 50/1998: A política económica e social em Cabo Verde
Abstract:
The texts published in A política económica e social em Cabo Verde have their origin in a study carried out for the European Union, in July/August 1997, on Cape Verde. This study was intended, in short, to: – Technically justify Cape Verde’s access to specific European Union funds to support structural adjustment policies within the scope of the Lomé Convention. – Support the decisions of the international community to support the implementation of the National Development Plan 1997-2000 prepared by the Government. – Look for suggestions for a volume of domestic debt that is unsustainable by the Cape Verde Budget. The texts used for the present publication were the first versions of part of those that were prepared by the author and presented for discussion to the whole team, which transformed/approved/rejected them and included them in the final version of the report. The reason for this publication is the usefulness, in the dissemination of texts on the theme mentioned, for disciplines in the area of development. It also comes from the obvious relationship that the author believes exists between this type of study and the connection of the scientific community to the real world.
Quotation:
Sangreman, Carlos. 1998. “A política económica e social em Cabo Verde”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 50/1998
Working Paper 49/1998: L’État nouveau et la diversification religieuse au Mozambique
Abstract:
Contemporary Portuguese history, even that of the 20th century until 1974, has obviously remained marked by that of the “Catholic kings” of the modern era and the Discoveries. The empire, with however particularities, was no exception in this religious environment. Catholicism was one of the foundations of the national (metropolitan) imagination, inseparable from the imperial idea. This country, territorially modest since Brazilian independence (1820) could not be conceived without keeping the rank of those who had “offered new worlds to the world” in the name of Christianity. This is why throughout Utramar, the integration of the Portuguese Catholic Church into the State was close, even if it can be considered more or less intense: it was a major factor in the construction of the apparatus colonial state itself which, after the humiliations of the Congress of Berlin (1885) and the British ultimatum (1890), was to constitute the major tool of greatness and prestige restored to the nation, after the long period of decline. However, in this relationship, it would be wrong to think that everything was always simple and linear. Apart from the fact that part of the colonial personnel in place during the Estado Novo (New State) had been educated even during the time of the Republic (1910-1926), did not die of clerical love and only gradually disappeared At the end of the 1950s, the administration of the territories was subject to imperatives of efficiency which depended on the contexts and did not necessarily correspond to Roman desiderata. The historical analysis presented in L’État nouveau et la diversification religieuse au Mozambique therefore does not relate to colonial religious history in Mozambique, as such, but to the religious policy of the State within the framework of Portuguese nationalism. Nevertheless, this question of the state makes it necessary to first clarify a few points that are debated in recent historiography relating to Portugal.
Quotation:
Cahen, Michel. 1998. “L’État nouveau et la diversification religieuse au Mozambique”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 49/1998.
Working Paper 48/1998: Desenvolvimento económico e democracia política no contexto do ajustamento estrutural em África
Abstract:
The discussion that we propose here in Desenvolvimento económico e democracia política no contexto do ajustamento estrutural em África of these democratization processes focuses on the articulation between political democracy and economic development, and more particularly on the specific configurations that this relationship takes within the framework of the African experience. In this sense, we begin by observing the international context in which the «democratic turn» takes place, namely with regard to the transformation of the logic of conditionality of public development aid. Attention is particularly focused on the emergence of discourses and practices of political conditionality in the framework of stabilization and structural adjustment, carried out by the World Bank at the turn of the 1990s. At the same time, it is important to mention the approach of bilateral donors and other international institutions, more explicitly associated with the issue of democracy and respect for human rights. Next, we use the empirical literature available to assess the foundation of the virtuous relationship between democracy and advanced development as a justification for the new political conditionality. Two types of methodology are addressed: econometric studies and comparative sociocultural analyzes of different historical experiences.
Quotation:
Oppenheimer, Jochen e Luis Francisco de Carvalho. 1998. “Desenvolvimento económico e democracia política no contexto do ajustamento estrutural em África”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 48/1998.
