Working Papers

Working Paper 7/1985: Processo de industrialização, ajuda concessional e dependência pela tecnologia nos países africanos: um estudo aplicado aos casos da Tunísia, Tanzânia e Rwanda

Abstract:

In the context of relations between ‘developed countries’ (DCs) and ‘developing countries’ (DCs) we cannot speak of an effective ‘transfer of technology’, since the essential issue is to analyse not the question of technological flows, but that of control over the technological matrix. It is perhaps more pertinent today to talk not of technological transfers, but of dependence on technology. In fact, the notion of ‘transfers’ is inseparable from a neoclassical framework of ‘free movement of factors’ which does not explain the social relationship introduced. The establishment of lasting or permanent links through the ‘restrictive clauses’ that accompany technology supply contracts, the ‘assistance’ that accompanies these transfers or the technology that cannot be dissociated from the imported ‘hardware’, normally creates stronger dependency links than those resulting from the links established by the developing countries’ own external indebtedness. For this reason, in Processo de industrialização, ajuda concessional e dependência pela tecnologia nos países africanos : um estudo aplicado aos casos da Tunísia, Tanzânia e Rwanda,  it was preferred an approach based on distinct economies, in order to eventually make explicit the need for a non-linear approach to the question of dependency on technology, relating it to the specific situation of each economy and highlighting the impossibility of high generalisations.

Quotation:

Tinto, Germano Rio .1985. “Processo de industrialização, ajuda concessional e dependência pela tecnologia nos países africanos : um estudo aplicado aos casos da Tunísia, Tanzânia e Rwanda” . Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 7/1985.

Working Paper 6/1985: A industrialização argelina: balanço de uma experiência

In A industrialização argelina : balanço de uma experiência , I try to address Algerian industrialization after independence. In a relatively short period of time – two decades – the country’s governments, following a clearly defined program, steered a process of industrialization with great tenacity. The industrial and agricultural, economic and social landscapes emerged from this process profoundly transformed.
My main concern was to try to know and understand the transformations that took place, their connections and how, once put into action, the process became autonomous and created its own dynamics reasonably independent of the starting project. I have not had nor am interested in making a summary, and therefore I will only align in conclusion some master ideas.
Firstly because it has not been possible for me, within the scope of this research and with the tools currently at my disposal, to undertake the study of the social conditions of industrialisation that I consider indispensable, i.e. to go beyond the economistic field in which the analysis is limited to the economic. A number of economic failures may be due not to ineptitude but to non-economic demands and influences. Economic rationality is often combined with (and overlapped by) other rationalities.
Secondly, because many doubts remain. For example, about the costs of industrialisation. In the most economically advanced countries today, very high prices have been paid in exchange for industrial and technological progress. Between 1840 and 1920, for example, 60 million Europeans emigrated out of a total population of 300 million in 1900.
I think that only ideological passion can hide these facts. And it alone can explain the hasty and drastic assessments made of the development experiences of the dominated countries. But if the assessment must be prudent, the theoretical analysis must be as rigorous as possible.
My research has resulted in some ideas that I assume to be mere hypotheses for further exploration, whether on the Algerian theme or, in general, on the experiences of industrialisation in underdeveloped countries.

Quotation:

Salavisa, Isabel .1985. “A industrialização argelina : balanço de uma experiência” . Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 6/ 1985.

Working Paper 5/1985: República da Guiné Bissau: algumas reflexões sobre perspectivas dos seus níveis de desenvolvimento económico-social através de um modelo de simulação

Abstract:

Whenever one tries to formulate a development policy in the so-called underdeveloped countries, ‘one comes across a series of problems that transcend the exclusively economic sector: it is the social and political aspects, more properly institutional, that also condition the global structure, taking on a “almost” dominant in the formation of a concretely determined social totality. Concerned with economic aspects, the leaders focus almost exclusively on the problems of industrialization or non-industrialization, modernization of agriculture, monetary issues, financing strategy, etc. In República da Guiné Bissau: algumas reflexões sobre perspectivas dos seus níveis de desenvolvimento económico-social através de um modelo de simulação we believe that a philosophy of progress is inevitably necessary to arrive at a sociological definition of development. But this philosophy of progress and development must be based on realities. Trying to define progress: separately on the economic level, on the social level, on the political level, or on the cultural level, is to forget of its eminently global and historical character.

Quotation:

Rodrigues, Rui Neves da Costa .1985. “República da Guiné Bissau : algumas reflexões sobre perspectivas dos seus níveis de desenvolvimento económico-social através de um modelo de simulação”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 5/ 1985.

Working Paper 4/1985: Moçambique: evolução de algumas instituições socio-familiares

Abstract:

Moçambique : evolução de algumas instituições sócio-familiares was initially published as an article in the Domingo de Maputo newspaper in October and November 1984, when the Extraordinary Conference of the Organisation of Mozambican Women ( O. M. M. ) took place, giving rise to intense debate in Mozambican intellectual circles. It was later revised and in some points reformulated by its author for this collection of “Working Documents”.
In this article, we have touched on some aspects of the problem related to the family institutions of the past and the transformations observed in them throughout the different periods of the History of Mozambique. The structural changes and the dynamics of readaptation that these same institutions have shown in recent years are once again a response to the material conditions of their existence in the situation that the country has gone through in the last decade. The struggle for women’s emancipation is part of this global economic, social and political context, which the Law (Family, for example), Ideology and Organization will not be able to radically change by themselves. On the other hand, for economic and social development to be a process of profound transformations, without serious delays, a rigorous study of all these phenomena and social institutions is necessary, and rural planning accordingly.

Quotation:

Medeiros, Eduardo .1985. “Moçambique : evolução de algumas instituições sócio-familiares”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 4/1985.

Working Paper 3/1985: Estratégias de desenvolvimento comparadas na Guiné-Bissau: finais dos anos 60 e anos 80

Abstract:

Estratégias de desenvolvimento comparadas na Guiné-Bissau: finais dos anos 60 e anos 80 is for us a first moment of reflection on Guinea-Bissau. The 20 pages we set out to write could easily be multiplied: either by developing in more detail the situation in the sixties, or by analyzing some particular aspects of the post-independence evolution. We believe that the essential axis of research should be oriented towards a detailed study of the economic and social changes that took place during the war. A fact that immediately comes to mind, for example, is the breakdown of food self-sufficiency, which, in the 1960s, was never recovered. What factors are behind this persistent food crisis? Is it just war, in one case, and drought plus smuggling, in the other? Only once we understand the transformations that took place in the 1960s will we be able to distinguish what was “endogenously” determined evolution from what was “endogenously” determined evolution.
This document is, in essence, the report presented by Dr Nuno Cassola in 1983-1984 in the course “Development Experiences in Africa” of the Masters Degree in Economics of the ISEG. The research work was carried out under the responsibility of Prof. Adelino Torres. This report has, voluntarily, an essentially empirical and circumscribed character, but it presents interesting – albeit preliminary – moments of reflection both on the articulation between the pre-independence period (especially the period of governance of General António Spínola) and the post-independence period (the 1980s in particular) and on the determination of factors which, rooted in the first period, explain and seem to strongly condition the second.

Quotation:

Cassola, Nuno. 1985. “Estratégias de desenvolvimento comparadas na Guiné-Bissau : finais dos anos 60 e anos 80” “. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 3/1985.

Working Paper 2/1985: Três estudos: da estratégia colonial à integração europeia

Abstract:

In Três estudos: da estratégia colonial à integração europeia, the three texts we reproduce below are of a relatively different nature, but their content, in our view, is complementary.
The first – “LE RÔLE DU CAPITAL BANCAIRE DANS LES COLONIES PORTUGAISES DE L’ANGOLA ET DE ST. TOMÉ DE 1864 AU DEBUT DU XX5 SIECLE” – took part in the Colloquium “Business Empires in West-Central Africa” ​​which took place at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London, in May 1982. the organizer of that Colloquium, Prof. G. Clarence–Smith, this communication, although modified in some points, was based on a chapter of the doctoral dissertation in Economics that we presented in 1981 at the Technical University of Lisbon. In 1983 this text was published in the journal African Economic History n° 12, edited by the University of Wisconsin-Madison (USA).
The second – “ESTRATÉGIA COLONIAL PORTUGUESA E ESTRUTURAS ECONÓMICAS DE ANGOLA NOS ANOS 1960-1970” – constituted a contribution to the Seminar “0 25 de Abril – Ten years later”, organized by Associação 25 de Abril from 2 to 5 May 1984, in Lisbon.
The third – “L’IDENTITÉ HISTORIQUE PORTUGAISE FACE AUX NOUVEAUX DEFIS DE L’INTEGRATION EUROPEENNE” – was presented at the Colloquium “Europe -Identité Culturelle et Modernité” held by the FORUM magazine, directed by Prof. Laurent Schwartz, at the Polytechnic School, Paris (June 1-3, 1984).
We had hoped that the works initially written in French would now be rewritten or at least presented in Portuguese. Unfortunately we are short of time: multiple academic and research tasks do not leave us the necessary availability to do so.
In any case, these studies – the last two in particular – should be seen simply as preliminary approaches. The second and third texts were written for the tight number of pages that this kind of colloquium usually imposes. Their aim was merely to set some parameters for the public discussion that should follow the presentation of their main lines. As such, it seems justified to insert them in a collection of “Working Papers“, submitting them to the eventual discussion of colleagues and students who are concerned by these issues.

Quotation

Torres, Adelino. 1985. “Três estudos: da estratégia colonial à integração europeia”. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. CEsA – Documentos de Trabalho nº 2/1985

Working Paper 1/1984: Uma experiência de integração económica em África

Abstract:

The Working Papers collection consists of short monographs written by members and collaborators of CEsA/CSG/ISEG/ULisboa. These documents are provisional and aim to provide elements of information and scientific reflection on economic and social issues object of research of this Centre. ECOWAS – Uma experiência de integração económica em África , started as a 1983-1984 report by Eugénio Inocêncio and Manuel Ennes Ferreira in the subject of International Economic Organizations (5th year) taught by Dr. César Cortes in the Degree in Economics. Later on, its authors restructured the initial text in order to integrate it in this collection. It is this second modified version that is reproduced here. The work seeks to build a historical and current framework of ECOWAS, and provide elements that serve as a starting point for monitoring its evolution. Although not intending to be a theoretical study on integration in Africa, care was taken to organize the data considered to be the most relevant to include a set of more abstract aspects such as: i) regional leadership relationship (Lagos/Dakar •Abidjan); ii) changes in the world economy and economic integration in Africa; iii) economic integration in Africa and African economic nationalism (regionalism).

Quotation:

Inocêncio, Eugénio e Manuel Ennes Ferreira .1984. “Uma experiência de integração económica em África”. Instituto Superior de Economia. CEsA – Documento de Trabalho nº 1/84.